Place an oven rack on lowest position and preheat to 500°F.
On a lightly floured surface, roll dough into a 14-inch round. Generously sprinkle a pizza stone with flour. Place dough on sheet.
In a large bowl, stir together garlic and oil. Add potatoes, pepper and salt. Top dough with a thin layer of pesto. Add the potatoes, overlapping, leaving a 1/2-inch border. Sprinkle with cheddar cheese.
Bake until cheese has melted and crust is crisp, about 18-20 minutes. Cut into 8 slices. Serve.